Should You Apply Serum or Moisturizer First?

Applying skincare products in the right order is crucial for getting the most out of your routine. But one of the biggest skincare dilemmas is figuring out whether to apply your serum or moisturizer first. Both provide key hydrating and nourishing benefits to the skin, so which one should go on before the other? There are good arguments on both sides of this debate, so let’s dive in and explore the pros and cons of applying serum vs. moisturizer first.

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What Serum Does

Many skin experts recommend applying your serum before moisturizer. Here’s why:

Serum formulas are lighter and contain a higher concentration of active ingredients like antioxidants, vitamins, and plant extracts. Applying serum first helps these active ingredients penetrate deeper into the skin before sealing everything in with a moisturizer.
The texture of serums allows them to absorb quickly into the skin. Putting a thicker, richer moisturizer on first may potentially block some of the serum from properly absorbing.
Serums target specific skin concerns like wrinkles, dark spots, and dryness. Using them before moisturizer allows the concentrated dose of ingredients to work on those targeted issues.
If you are using multiple serums or treatments with different focuses (like an anti-aging serum, a vitamin C serum, and a hydrating serum), applying lightest to heaviest allows deeper absorption of each product.
Many dermatologists and cosmetic chemists recommend putting water-based or thinner products on first before oils and creams. Since serums tend to be more watery and moisturizers more emollient, serums logically go on skin first.

So in summary, applying serum first potentially allows for better absorption, targets specific concerns, and is recommended by experts. The targeted ingredients in serums may work better when applied directly to clean skin rather than over a layer of moisturizer.

What Moisturizer Does

However, some argue that moisturizer should go on before serum. Here are some benefits of applying moisturizer first:

Moisturizers create a protective barrier on the skin. Applying them first seals in hydration and prevents irritation that could be caused by applying serums directly to bare skin.
Moisturizers provide overall hydration and nourishment for the skin. Giving your skin that basic moisture and nutrition first preps it to better absorb serums applied afterward.
Thicker moisturizer textures help “trap” and hold in the thinner serums, potentially prolonging their effects on the skin. The emollients in a moisturizer help the skin retain the nutrients in serums.
People with sensitive skin may experience irritation from direct use of potent serums. Buffer serums by applying moisturizer first to minimize risk of redness or dryness.
Moisturizers and creams replenish lipids in the skin’s barrier while serums focus more on targeting specific issues like wrinkles. Replenishing lipids first may optimize skin health.
Some moisturizers contain oils, silicones, and waxes that may “seal in” the ingredients in serums and amplify their effects. The occlusive agents essentially create a reservoir effect.

So in summary, applying moisturizer first may help sensitive skin, seal in hydration, create a reservoir effect, and allow better absorption of serums afterward. The moisturizer preps and optimizes skin to make it more receptive to serums.

Here’s how to decide between serum or moisturizer first:

Know your own skin type and concerns. What is your skin more thirsty for – general hydration or targeted treatment? Address your primary skin need first.
Pay attention to product textures and formulas. As a general rule, apply thinner to thicker consistencies.
Be mindful of ingredient compatibilities. Certain ingredients like vitamin C or retinol may work best applied directly to skin first.
Alternate mornings and evenings. Try serum first in the mornings and moisturizer first at night to get benefits of both sequences.
Buffer as needed if skin is irritated. Apply moisturizer first if serums cause any redness or stinging.
Ask your dermatologist for guidance based on your specific skin issues and treatment plans.

Should You Layer Serum Under or Over Moisturizer?

Another option is to layer your serum under your moisturizer in the morning, then switch and apply serum over moisturizer at night. This gives you the benefits of both application methods. The key is being consistent so your skin can get used to the routine.

Why Layering Serum Under Moisturizer Works:

In the mornings, most people want their skincare to absorb quickly and not feel greasy. Applying lighter serums first allows them to absorb rapidly into fresh skin. Follow with a moisturizer to seal everything in before applying sunscreen and makeup. The serum gets direct access to skin while the moisturizer creates a protective layer over it.

Why Layering Serum Over Moisturizer Works:

At night, taking time with your skincare routine is more enjoyable. Starting with a soothing moisturizer gives your skin intense hydration and nourishment first. Taking a few moments to gently massage in your moisturizer is relaxing after a long day. Then apply your serum as the finishing treatment step, patting it gently over your moisturized skin. Since you don’t have to worry about makeup or sun protection at night, you can take advantage of the reservoir effect and let the skincare layers really penetrate overnight.

The Art and Science of Layering Skincare

Finding the perfect sequence for your multi-step skincare routine involves some trial and error. Pay attention to how your skin looks and feels with serum first compared to moisturizer first. Be consistent for at least 1-2 weeks with each method before switching it up. The condition of your skin will likely improve overall regardless of which product you apply first, as long as you are being diligent about using them.

Here are some additional tips for layering serums and moisturizers effectively:

After cleansing, start by applying water-based or fluid serums like vitamin C or glycolic acid directly to damp skin first. Let absorb for a minute or two.
Follow with oil-based serums like retinol if using at night. Give a few minutes to absorb before locking in with moisturizer.
In the daytime, finish with an antioxidant-rich moisturizer with SPF to protect skin from pollutants and UV damage.
At night, finish with a richer night cream or sleeping mask to nourish skin overnight.
For very dry skin, mix a pump of hydrating serum right into your moisturizer before applying them together. This boosts the moisturizer’s hydration power.
Only use 2-3 serums per routine max. Layering on too many could end up irritating skin.
Pay attention to product packaging instructions. Some serums specifically direct users to apply before or after moisturizing.
Give proper time for products to absorb before adding the next step. Don’t immediately layer one product over another.
Apply products from thinnest/wateriest to thickest/richest texture to allow proper absorption.
Avoid layering too many products containing acids, retinol, or vitamin C as this could cause irritation.
Customize for mornings vs evenings. Opt for lighter layers in the AM, richer layers in the PM.

Should You Apply Oils Before or After Moisturizer?

Face oils have grown increasingly popular for their myriad benefits in hydrating, nourishing, and protecting skin. But just like serums, there is debate over whether facial oils should go on before or after your moisturizer. Here are some benefits of each method:

Applying oils before moisturizer:

Oils absorb fastest and most thoroughly when applied directly to clean skin rather than over another product.
The oil can penetrate pores deeply and provide intense nourishment when applied first.
Natural oils help reinforce the skin’s moisture barrier. Applying directly to clean skin maximizes this benefit.
Oil allows active ingredients in skincare products applied over it to better penetrate the skin.

Applying oils after moisturizer:

Oils “seal in” hydration provided by water-based moisturizers when applied on top.
Moisturizer can act as a buffer between skin and oil, which may be beneficial for breakout-prone skin.
The moisturizer primes and preps skin to better absorb the oil applied after it.
Applying a thicker moisturizer over a thin oil helps lock in the oil’s nutrients.
Those with oily skin may get excess shine or greasiness from applying oil directly to skin first.

As with serums and moisturizers, feel free to customize the oil application method for mornings and evenings. Use lighter oils before moisturizer in the AM, then layer richer oils on top of moisturizer at night. Pay attention to how your skin looks and feels to find your optimal oil-moisturizer layering routine.

Other Skincare Layering Tips and Best Practices

Use thinnest to thickest consistency as a general rule of thumb when layering multiple skincare products. Start with lightest serums and liquids first before creams and lotions.
Let each layer fully absorb before applying the next product. Don’t immediately slather one product over another. Give your skin time to uptake each ingredient.
Don’t overdo it on active ingredients. Using too many exfoliating or harsh ingredients can damage your moisture barrier. Nourishing layers are crucial.
Hydrate first for dry or dehydrated skin. Focus on humectants like hyaluronic acid and glycerin before oils or occlusives.
Occlusives like petrolatum work best layered over hydrating and nourishing products to lock everything in.
Take note of your skin’s sensitivities. Adjust layering to avoid stinging – for example, buffer retinol with moisturizer first.
Apply any targeted spot treatments before moisturizer so they absorb better and won’t slip around on skin.
Pat and gently press products into skin rather than heavy swiping or dragging motions which may pull on skin.
Customize steps for day and night. Use more antioxidants and sun protection in the AM, more intensive treatments at night.
Don’t neglect your neck when layering! Apply all skincare products down to your decolletage for balanced anti-aging.
Adjust technique for different parts of face like gently patting products around eyes or using lighter layers on acne-prone areas.
Follow basic “cleansing first” rule of skincare before applying any serums, moisturizers or other treatments.
Always apply SPF as your last step in the AM routine to seal in everything underneath it.
Layer skincare from lightest texture to heaviest. But also consider ingredients – your most specialized treatments should hit skin first before basic moisturizer.

How to Make Skincare Layering Easy

It may seem complicated deciding when to apply each product in your skincare routine. Here are some tips to make it fast and easy:

Simplify your routine. You probably don’t need 10 steps a day. Focus on what your skin needs most.
Follow a consistent AM and PM regimen to train your skin and habits.
Keep key products within arm’s reach on your vanity or in the shower so they are easy to use.
Store routine steps in order of use to grab and apply quickly.
Apply skincare right after cleansing when skin is fresh, clean, and able to absorb ingredients well.
Use a mirror with adequate lighting so you can clearly see what you are applying.
Keep face mists or thermal water on hand to rehydrate skin as needed between steps.
Have a small hand towel ready to gently pat off excess product between layers.
Use skincare with easy, fast-absorbing textures and lightweight formulas for the mornings.
Design an evening ritual that’s relaxing and enjoyable, spending more time massaging products in.
Change out heavy creams for gels or serums in hot, humid weather when skin needs lighter hydration.

Conclusion

The ultimate takeaway is that there are no universally “right” or “wrong” answers when it comes to serum vs. moisturizer or ideal skincare sequences.

Pay attention to your own skin’s needs and how it responds to evaluate the ideal order of applying products. Feel free to switch up the order to see what works best for your skin type and climate.

The most important thing is that you are consistent in actually using all the products that benefit your complexion.

Don’t drive yourself crazy trying to figure out a perfect routine – customize it as needed to make skincare work for you!